The structure of the active voice in English in the present perfect tense is as follows:
Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb + object
The structure of the passive voice in present perfect is as follows:
Object of the active sentence + has/have + been + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence
Transforming an affirmative sentence in the present perfect tense from active to passive voice:
- Active: I have written a story.
- Passive: A story has been written by me.
- Active: They have built a house.
- Passive: A house has been built by them.
- Active: He has broken my window.
- Passive: My window has been broken by him.
- Active: I have placed an order for a digital camera.
- Passive: An order for a digital camera has been placed by me.
- Active: She has done her work.
- Passive: Her work has been done by her.
Transforming a negative sentence:
- Active: I have not received a telegram.
- Passive: A telegram has not been received by me.
- Active: She has not cheated anybody.
- Passive: Nobody has been cheated by her.
Transforming an interrogative sentence:
The passive form of this type of sentence begins with has or have.
When the sentence in active voice begins with an interrogative word (e.g. when, where, which, why, etc.), the sentence in passive voice also begins with an interrogative word.
When the sentence in active voice begins with who or whose, the sentence in passive voice begins with by whom or by whose.
When the sentence in active voice begins with whom, the sentence in passive voice begins with who.
- Active: Have you kept the secret?
- Passive: Has the secret been kept by you?
- Active: Who has done this?
- Passive: By whom has this been done?
- Active: Why have you told a lie?
- Passive: Why has a lie been told by you?
- Active: Who has torn my book?
- Passive: By whom has my book been torn?
- Active: Have you written the letter?
- Passive: Has the letter been written by you?
- Active: Has the policeman caught the thief?
- Passive: Has the thief been caught by the policeman?
- Active: Has the postal department released a new stamp?
- Passive: Has a new stamp been released by the postal department?
More articles on English grammar
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