Von: teacher_snezhana
An: alle Schüler der oberen Mittelstufe
Betreff: Grammatik – Konditionale
Der Artikel über Konditionale ist nun wie versprochen auf der Website verfügbar.
Bitte studieren Sie ihn sorgfältig und bearbeiten Sie alle Übungen bis zur Überschrift Gemischte Konditionale. Falls Sie Fragen haben, können wir diese im Klassenzimmer der oberen Mittelstufe diskutieren. Gemischte Konditionale sind unser Thema diese Woche.
Conditional Tutorial
Es gibt zwei Arten von Konditionalsätzen: reale und irreale. Das reale Konditional beschreibt reale Situationen aus dem Leben. Das irreale Konditional beschreibt unwirkliche, imaginäre Situationen. Obwohl die verschiedenen Konditionalformen zunächst ziemlich abstrakt wirken mögen, sind sie tatsächlich einige der nützlichsten Strukturen im Englischen und werden häufig in täglichen Gesprächen verwendet.
Gegenwarts-Konditionale
Gegenwarts-reales Konditional
FORM
[If / When … Simple Present …, … Simple Present …]
[… Simple Present … if / when … Simple Present …]
GEBRAUCH
Das Gegenwarts-reale Konditional wird verwendet, um über das zu sprechen, was Sie in realen Situationen normalerweise tun.
Beispiele:
If I go to a friend's house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach.
If the weather is nice, she walks to work.
Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time.
I read if there is nothing on TV.
A: What do you do when it rains?
B: I stay at home.
A: Where do you stay if you go to Sydney?
B: I stay with my friends near the harbor.
WICHTIG If / When
Sowohl ‚if' als auch ‚when' werden in der Gegenwarts-realen Konditional verwendet. Die Verwendung von ‚if' deutet darauf hin, dass etwas seltener vorkommt. Die Verwendung von ‚when' deutet darauf hin, dass etwas regelmäßig passiert.
Beispiele:
When I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
I regularly have days off from work.
If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
I rarely have days off from work.
Gegenwarts-irreales Konditional
FORM
[If … Simple Past …, … would + verb …]
[… would + verb … if … Simple Past …]
GEBRAUCH
Das Gegenwarts-irreale Konditional wird verwendet, um über das zu sprechen, was Sie in imaginären Situationen im Allgemeinen tun würden.
Beispiele:
If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don't own a car.
She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money.
I would read more if I didn't watch so much TV.
Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.
If they worked harder, they would earn more money.
A: What would you do if you won the lottery?
B: I would buy a house.
A: Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?
B: I would live in Seattle.
AUSNAHME If I were …
In der Gegenwarts-irrealen Konditional wird die Form ‚was' nicht als grammatikalisch korrekt angesehen. In geschriebenem Englisch oder in Testsituationen sollten Sie immer ‚were' verwenden. Im alltäglichen Gespräch wird jedoch ‚was' oft verwendet.
Beispiele:
If he were French, he would live in Paris.
If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.
I would play basketball if I were taller.
I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.
I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. Nicht korrekt (Wird aber oft im Gespräch gesagt.)
WICHTIG Nur ‚If' verwenden
Nur das Wort ‚if' wird bei der Gegenwarts-irrealen Konditional verwendet, da Sie imaginäre Situationen diskutieren. ‚When' kann nicht verwendet werden.
Beispiele:
I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. Nicht korrekt
I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. Korrekt
AUSNAHME Konditional mit Modalverben
Es gibt einige spezielle Konditionalformen für Modalverben im Englischen:
would + can = could
would + shall = should
would + may = might
Die Wörter ‚can', ‚shall' und ‚may' können nicht mit ‚would' verwendet werden. Stattdessen müssen sie in diesen speziellen Formen verwendet werden.
Beispiele:
If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. Nicht korrekt
If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. Korrekt
If she had time, she would may go to the party. Nicht korrekt
If she had time, she might go to the party. Korrekt
Die Wörter ‚could', ‚should', ‚might' und ‚ought to' enthalten bereits die Konditional, daher können Sie sie nicht mit ‚would' kombinieren.
Beispiele:
If I had more time, I would could exercise after work. Nicht korrekt
If I had more time, I could exercise after work. Korrekt
If he invited you, you really would should go. Nicht korrekt
If he invited you, you really should go. Korrekt
Conditional Exercise 2
Gegenwarts-irreales Konditional
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
Haben Sie von dem Typ gehört, der 180 Millionen Dollar in der Lotterie gewonnen hat? If I (win) that much money, I (quit) my job the next day. I (travel) around the world and (stay) in the most luxurious hotels. If I (want) anything, I (buy) it. If I (see) a beautiful Mercedes that I wanted, I (buy) it. If I wanted to stay in a beautiful hotel and the hotel (be) full, I (buy) the hotel and make them give me a room. I (can) do anything in the world if I had 180 million dollars … Oh, I am starting to sound a little materialistic… Well… I (do) good things with the money as well. If anybody (need) help, I (give) them some money to help them out. I (donate) money to charities. I (give) money to help support the arts. If I (win) that much money, I wouldn't keep it all for myself. I (help) as many people as possible.
Conditional Exercise 3
Gegenwarts-reales Konditional / Gegenwarts-irreales Konditional
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
Michael: Sharon, I am having some problems at work, and I was wondering if you might be able to give me some advice.
Sharon: Sure, what's the problem?
Michael: The computer sales business is more difficult than I thought. When customers (come) in to look at the new computer models, they often (ask) me which model they should buy. If they (ask) me to suggest a model, I (be) usually quite honest with them. Most computer users don't need a very advanced computer; they just need a basic model which they can use for word-processing, bookkeeping and Internet access. If I am honest and I (recommend) one of the cheaper models, my boss (get) angry at me. He always says that a good salesperson can convince a customer to buy one of the more expensive advanced models. I don't really feel comfortable doing that. What would you do in my situation? Isn't it wrong to make them buy something which they don't need?
Sharon: I think you should help your customers make an intelligent decision. If I (be) you, I (educate) the customers. I (teach) them how to make a good decision by themselves. I (make, not) the decision for them. When a customer (ask) a question, answer it honestly. You don't need to lie to the customer, and you don't need to make the decision for them.
Michael: When I (sell) an inexpensive computer to a customer, my boss (complain) that I am not trying hard enough. What would you tell him?
Sharon: If I (be) in your situation, I (tell) him that I wasn't comfortable forcing customers to buy products which they don't need. Tell him that you don't want to lie to honest people, and that you want to provide them with good service. Remind him that when customers (get) good service, they (return) to a store and spend more money.
Michael: I think that's a great idea. He (might) change his mind if I said that to him. Maybe he (realize) that good service is the most important thing to consumers. And, of course, I (feel) much more comfortable if I (be) able to be honest with the customers. Thanks for your advice.
Zukunfts-Konditionale
Zukunfts-reales Konditional
FORM
[If / When … Simple Present …, … Simple Future …]
[… Simple Future … if / when … Simple Present …]
Beachten Sie, dass es keine Zukunft in der if- oder when-Klausel gibt.
GEBRAUCH
Das Zukunfts-reale Konditional beschreibt, was Sie in einer bestimmten zukünftigen Situation tun werden. Es unterscheidet sich von anderen realen Konditionalformen, weil Sie im Gegensatz zur Gegenwart oder Vergangenheit nicht wissen, was in der Zukunft passieren wird. Obwohl diese Form ‚real' genannt wird, stellen Sie sich in der Regel die Zukunft vor oder raten danach. Es wird ‚real' genannt, weil es immer noch möglich ist, dass die Aktion in der Zukunft eintreten könnte. Studieren Sie sorgfältig die folgenden Beispiele und vergleichen Sie sie mit den Beispielen für Zukunfts-irreales Konditional weiter unten auf der Seite.
Beispiele:
If I go to my friend's house for dinner tonight, I will take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
I am still not sure if I will go to his house or not.
When I have a day off from work, I am going to go to the beach.
I have to wait until I have a day off.
If the weather is nice, she is going to walk to work.
It depends on the weather.
Jerry will help me with my homework when he has time.
I have to wait until he has time.
I am going to read if there is nothing on TV.
It depends on the TV schedule.
A: What are you going to do if it rains?
B: I am going to stay at home.
WICHTIG If / When
Sowohl ‚if' als auch ‚when' werden in der Zukunfts-realen Konditional verwendet, aber der Gebrauch unterscheidet sich von anderen realen Konditionalformen. Im Zukunfts-realen Konditional deutet ‚if' darauf hin, dass Sie nicht wissen, ob etwas passieren wird oder nicht. ‚When' deutet darauf hin, dass etwas irgendwann sicher passieren wird; wir warten einfach darauf, dass es eintritt. Beachten Sie auch, dass Simple Future nicht in if-Klauseln oder when-Klauseln verwendet wird.
Beispiele:
When you call me, I will give you the address.
You are going to call me later, and at that time, I will give you the address.
If you call me, I will give you the address.
If you want the address, you can call me.
Zukunfts-irreales Konditional
FORM 1 (Häufigste Form)
[If … Simple Past …, … would + verb …]
[… would + verb … if … Simple Past …]
Beachten Sie, dass diese Form gleich wie das Gegenwarts-irreale Konditional aussieht.
GEBRAUCH
Das Zukunfts-irreale Konditional wird verwendet, um über imaginäre Situationen in der Zukunft zu sprechen. Es ist nicht so häufig wie das Zukunfts-reale Konditional, da englische Muttersprachler oft die Möglichkeit offen lassen, dass in der Zukunft ALLES passieren könnte. Es wird nur verwendet, wenn ein Sprecher betonen muss, dass etwas unmöglich ist. Da diese Form wie das Gegenwarts-irreale Konditional aussieht, bevorzugen viele Muttersprachler Form 2, die unten beschrieben wird.
Beispiele:
If I had a day off from work next week, I would go to the beach.
I don't have a day off from work.
I am busy next week. If I had time, I would come to your party.
I can't come.
Jerry would help me with my homework tomorrow if he didn't have to work.
He does have to work tomorrow.
FORM 2
[If … were + present participle …, … would be + present participle …]
[… would be + present participle … if … were + present participle …]
GEBRAUCH
Form 2 des Zukunfts-irrealen Konditionials wird auch verwendet, um über imaginäre Situationen in der Zukunft zu sprechen. Muttersprachler bevorzugen oft diese Form gegenüber Form 1, um zu betonen, dass sich die Konditionalform auf die Zukunft und nicht die Gegenwart bezieht. Beachten Sie auch in den folgenden Beispielen, dass diese Form in der if-Klausel, dem Resultat oder beiden Teilen des Satzes verwendet werden kann.
Beispiele:
If I were going to Fiji next week, I would be taking my scuba diving gear with me. In if-clause and result
I am not going to go to Fiji and I am not going to take my scuba gear with me.
If I were not visiting my grandmother tomorrow, I would help you study. In if-clause
I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow.
I am busy next week. If I had time, I would be coming to your party. In result
I am not going to come to your party.
FORM 3
[If … were going to + verb …, … would be + present participle …]
[… would be + present participle … if … were going to + verb …]
GEBRAUCH
Form 3 des Zukunfts-irrealen Konditionials ist eine Variation von Form 2, die auch verwendet wird, um über imaginäre Situationen in der Zukunft zu sprechen. Beachten Sie, dass sich diese Form nur in der if-Klausel von Form 2 unterscheidet. Muttersprachler verwenden Form 3, um zu betonen, dass sich die Konditionalform auf einen Plan oder eine Vorhersage bezieht, genauso wie ‚be going to' verwendet wird, um einen Plan oder eine Vorhersage anzuzeigen.
Beispiele:
If I were going to go to Fiji next week, I would be taking my scuba diving gear with me.
I am not going to go to Fiji and I am not going to take my scuba gear with me.
If I were not going to visit my grandmother tomorrow, I would help you study.
I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow.
WICHTIG Nur ‚If' verwenden
Nur das Wort ‚if' wird bei der Vergangene-irrealen Konditional verwendet, da Sie imaginäre Situationen diskutieren. ‚When' kann nicht verwendet werden.
Beispiele:
I would buy that computer tomorrow when it were cheaper. Nicht korrekt
I would buy that computer tomorrow if it were cheaper. Korrekt
AUSNAHME Konditional mit Modalverben
Es gibt einige spezielle Konditionalformen für Modalverben im Englischen:
would + can = could
would + shall = should
would + may = might
Die Wörter ‚can', ‚shall' und ‚may' können nicht mit ‚would' verwendet werden. Stattdessen müssen sie in diesen speziellen Formen verwendet werden.
Beispiele:
If I went to Egypt next year, I would can learn Arabic. Leider ist das nicht möglich. Nicht korrekt
If I went to Egypt next year, I could learn Arabic. Leider ist das nicht möglich. Korrekt
Die Wörter ‚could', ‚should', ‚might' und ‚ought to' enthalten bereits die Konditional, daher können Sie sie nicht mit ‚would' kombinieren.
Beispiele:
If I didn't have to work tonight, I would could go to the fitness center. Nicht korrekt
If I didn't have to work tonight, I could go to the fitness center. Korrekt
Zukunfts-reales Konditional vs. Zukunfts-irreales Konditional
Um Ihnen zu helfen, den Unterschied zwischen dem Zukunfts-realen Konditional und dem Zukunfts-irrealen Konditional zu verstehen, vergleichen Sie die folgenden Beispiele:
Beispiele:
If you help me move tomorrow, I will buy you dinner. Zukunfts-reales Konditional
I don't know if you can help me.
If you helped me move tomorrow, I would buy you dinner. Zukunfts-irreales Konditional
You can't help me, or you don't want to help me.
Conditional Exercise 7
Zukunfts-reales Konditional
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
Ich bin mir nicht sicher, was ich tun werde, wenn ich (graduate), aber ich weiß, dass ich reisen möchte. Ich werde wahrscheinlich ein paar Monate im Sommer im Restaurant meines Vaters arbeiten. When I (have) enough money, I (go) to Europe to visit some friends I met while studying.
Ich habe immer schon Europa besuchen wollen. Besonders Schweden möchte ich besuchen. If I (get) to go to Sweden, I (stay) with my friend Gustav. His family has a house on an island in a lake near Stockholm. I am sure we (spend) a few days on the island if weather conditions (allow).
Ich bin mir nicht sicher, welche anderen Länder ich besuchen werde. If it (be) not too expensive, I (spend) a couple of days in Paris sightseeing. If I (go) to Paris, I (climb) the Eiffel Tower, (take) a boat tour of the Seine, and (photograph) daily life in the Latin Quarter.
Conditional Exercise 8
Zukunfts-reales Konditional / Zukunfts-irreales Konditional
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
1. Forscher besuchen nächste Woche Loch Ness, um zu sehen, ob sie Zeichen des Loch-Ness-Monsters finden können. Ich bezweifle ernsthaft, dass sie etwas finden werden. If they did actually manage to find something, I am sure they (become) world famous.
2. Ich werde nächste Woche geschäftlich nach Kalifornien gehen. If I have enough time, I (visit) my friends in Los Angeles.
3. Sally hat sich schon immer für präkolumbianische Kulturen interessiert. When she (go) to Mexico, she (visit) Chichen Itza, the most famous Mayan site in the Yucatan.
4. Wir fahren nächste Woche von Las Vegas nach Death Valley über Pahrump, eine Stadt am Rande des berüchtigten Area 51. Area 51 ist bekannt für seine UFO-Sichtungen. If I (see) any aliens, I will be sure to take a picture for you. Just kidding!
5. Ich fürchte, ich kann nächste Woche nicht zu Ihrer Hochzeit kommen, weil mein Unternehmen mich zur Teilnahme an einer Handelsmesse nach New York schickt. I (miss, never) your wedding if I (have) a choice in the matter.
6. I (interpret) for you at the conference tomorrow if I (be) not already scheduled to work at the UN. I have a friend who (do) it for you if she (be) not busy. Why don't I give her a call to see what her schedule is like.
7. The mountain climbing team (attempt) to conquer Mount Everest next month if the weather conditions (be) suitable. I (join) them in the ascent if I (can). Unfortunately, I broke my leg last month while training in Alaska.
8. If Sarah (go) to university, she (be) the first person in her family to get an advanced education. She has applied to many schools, but she really wants to go to MIT. If she (get) accepted to the university, she (move) to Boston to study astrophysics.
9. If mankind (do) not do something about the destruction of the rain forest, global warming (cause) dramatic changes in weather conditions all over the world.
10. Even if they managed to convince him to run for president in the next election, he (be, never) elected. His ideas are too dramatic and unconventional to be accepted by the mainstream.
Vergangene Konditionale
Vergangene reale Konditional
FORM
[If / When … Simple Past …, … Simple Past …]
[… Simple Past… if / when … Simple Past …]
GEBRAUCH
Die Vergangene reale Konditional beschreibt, was Sie früher in bestimmten realen Situationen getan haben. Sie deutet darauf hin, dass sich Ihre Gewohnheiten geändert haben und Sie diese Dinge heute normalerweise nicht mehr tun.
Beispiele:
If I went to a friend's house for dinner, I usually took a bottle of wine or some flowers. I don't do that anymore.
When I had a day off from work, I often went to the beach. Now, I never get time off.
If the weather was nice, she often walked to work. Now, she usually drives.
Jerry always helped me with my homework when he had time. But he doesn't do that anymore.
A: What did you usually do when it rained?
B: I usually stayed at home.
WICHTIG Used to
Die Form ‚used to' drückt aus, dass etwas eine alte Gewohnheit war, die in der Vergangenheit endete. Diese Form wird häufig in Vergangene-realen-Konditionalsätzen verwendet, um zu betonen, dass etwas eine Gewohnheit war. Die folgenden Beispiele haben die gleiche Bedeutung wie die obigen Beispiele.
Beispiele:
If I went to a friend's house for dinner, I used to take a bottle of wine or some flowers. I don't do that anymore.
When I had a day off from work, I used to go to the beach. Now, I never get time off.
If the weather was nice, she used to walk to work. Now, she usually drives.
Jerry used to help me with my homework when he had time. But he doesn't do that anymore.
A: What did you usually do when it rained?
B: I used to stay at home.
WICHTIG If / When
Sowohl ‚if' als auch ‚when' werden in der Vergangene-realen Konditional verwendet. Die Verwendung von ‚if' deutet darauf hin, dass etwas seltener vorkam. Die Verwendung von ‚when' deutet darauf hin, dass etwas regelmäßig vorkam.
Beispiele:
When I had a day off from work, I usually went to the beach.
I regularly had days off from work.
If I had a day off from work, I usually went to the beach.
I rarely had days off from work.
Vergangene irreale Konditional
FORM
[If … Past Perfect …, … would have + past participle …]
[… would have + past participle … if … Past Perfect …]
GEBRAUCH
Die Vergangene irreale Konditional wird verwendet, um über imaginäre Situationen in der Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Sie können beschreiben, was Sie anders getan hätten oder wie etwas anders hätte geschehen können, wenn die Umstände anders gewesen wären.
Beispiele:
If I had owned a car, I would have driven to work. But I didn't own one, so I took the bus.
She would have traveled around the world if she had had more money. But she didn't have much money, so she never traveled.
I would have read more as a child if I hadn't watched so much TV. Unfortunately, I did watch a lot of TV, so I never read for entertainment.
Mary would have gotten the job and moved to Japan if she had studied Japanese in school instead of French.
If Jack had worked harder, he would have earned more money. Unfortunately, he was lazy and he didn't earn much.
A: What would you have done if you had won the lottery last week?
B: I would have bought a house.
A: What city would you have chosen if you had decided to move to the United States?
B: I would have chosen Seattle.
WICHTIG Nur ‚If' verwenden
Nur das Wort ‚if' wird mit der Vergangene-irrealen Konditional verwendet, da Sie imaginäre Situationen diskutieren. ‚When' kann nicht verwendet werden.
Beispiele:
I would have bought that computer when it had been cheaper. Nicht korrekt
I would have bought that computer if it had been cheaper. Korrekt
AUSNAHME Konditional mit Modalverben
Es gibt einige spezielle Konditionalformen für Modalverben im Englischen:
would have + can = could have
would have + shall = should have
would have + may = might have
Die Wörter ‚can', ‚shall' und ‚may' können nicht mit ‚would have' verwendet werden. Stattdessen müssen sie in diesen speziellen Formen verwendet werden.
Beispiele:
If I had gone to Egypt, I could have learned Arabic.
If she had had time, she might have gone to the party.
Die Wörter ‚could', ‚should', ‚might' und ‚ought to' enthalten bereits die Konditional, daher können Sie sie nicht mit ‚would have' kombinieren.
Beispiele:
If I had had more time, I could have exercised after work.
If he had invited you, you might have gone.
Conditional Exercise 4
Vergangene irreale Konditional
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
Nach meinem Universitätsabschluss bewarb ich mich um eine Marketingposition bei einer prominenten Bank mit Filialen auf der ganzen Welt. Ich bekam die Stelle nicht, weil sie jemanden wollten, der fließend Spanisch sprach. I (could, take) Spanish in high school, but I didn't. I took an acting class instead. If I (take) Spanish, I (get) the job. Just imagine, if I had actually gotten the job, I (move) to Spain. My entire life (could, go) in a totally different direction. If I had accepted the job and moved to Spain, I (might, meet) a Spanish woman and (get) married. If that had actually happened, I probably (stay) in Spain. We (might, have) children. Unfortunately, I didn't get the job and I didn't go to Spain. I got a boring job and I live alone. If I had just taken Spanish, my life (be) much more interesting.
Vergangene Konditionale
Conditional Exercise 5
Vergangene reale Konditional / Vergangene irreale Konditional
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
Clarence: Mary, have you ever had a teacher who changed your life or influenced you greatly?
Mary: Yes. But the teacher influenced me in a very negative way. I have always had problems with math, and I think it comes from my seventh grade math teacher, Mr. Harris. He thought girls couldn't do math. When any girl (ask) a question, he always (sigh) and (say), ‚Girls can't do math. It's a well-known fact.' When a boy (ask) a question, he (smile) and (ask) for his answer.
Clarence: That's terrible! Your teacher actually said that to you?
Mary: Yes. If he ever did let me answer a question, and I actually got it right, he always (say) that it was a lucky guess.
Clarence: Your parents (should, do) something about him. They (could, go) to the principle of the school and complained about the way Mr. Harris treated the girls. If you (be) my child, I (demand) that such an irresponsible teacher be fired.
Mary: You're right! If somebody (force) Mr. Harris to treat the children equally, I (become) more confident in math. His behavior (might, affect) every girl in that class.
Clarence: It might have. I'm glad our children don't have teachers like that!
Conditional Exercise 6
Gegenwarts-irreales Konditional / Vergangene-irreales Konditional
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
1. If I (have) enough money, I (backpack) around Europe. But, unfortunately, I am broke.
2. If I (have) enough money in my twenties, I (backpack) around Europe. But, unfortunately, I was broke.
3. She would have been here earlier if she (miss, not) the train.
4. Thank you for helping me study. If you hadn't tutored me, I (fail) the test.
5. If I exercised more, I (be) much more fit and I (have, not) so many health problems.
6. It's too bad Frank isn't with us. If he (be) here, he (can, translate) the letter for us.
7. Stop asking me what Joe bought you for your birthday. Even if I (know) what he bought you, I (tell, not) you.
8. My business trip to California was only two days. If the trip (be) longer, I (visit) my friends in Los Angeles.
9. I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I (know), I (make) you a vanilla birthday cake.
10. Did you hear that Margaret won $2,000 in Las Vegas, and she used the money to buy a new washing machine and dryer? How boring! If I (win) that much money, I (go) to Tahiti for a couple of weeks.
11. Sally's alarm didn't go off, and she was almost late to the interview. If she (arrive) late, she (might, not, get) the job.
12. Jane is polite and well mannered. She (say, never) anything rude or insulting. That is just the kind of person she is.
13. Martha said that Paul called Nick a jerk at the party. I don't believe that! Paul is polite and well mannered. He (say, never) anything rude or insulting like that.
14. Penny's baby daughter almost drank some of the furniture polish which was sitting on the coffee table. If she (drink, actually) the polish, she (could, get) sick or even died.
15. If I (can, go) anywhere in the world, I (go) to Egypt to see the pyramids.
Kontinuierliche Konditionale
Sie sollten mit kontinuierlichen Verbformen wie Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous und Future Perfect Continuous vertraut sein. Aber viele Englischlernende sind sich nicht bewusst, dass wir Kontinuität auch in imaginären Situationen verwenden können. Studieren Sie die folgenden Beispiele, um zu erfahren, wie Sie kontinuierliche Unreal Conditional-Sätze erstellen, die Sie wie einen Muttersprachler klingen lassen.
Gegenwarts-irreales Konditional + Kontinuierlich
FORM
If-Klausel: [were + present participle]
Resultat: [would be + present participle]
GEBRAUCH
Gegenwarts-irreales Konditional + Kontinuierlich wird verwendet, um imaginäre Situationen zu diskutieren, die genau in diesem Moment stattfinden könnten.
Beispiele in der if-Klausel:
If the sun were shining, I would go to the beach.
Unfortunately, it is raining so I can't go.
If Sam were sitting here, we would be able to ask him the question ourselves.
But Sam is not sitting here. He is somewhere else.
We would be able to go sailing if the wind were blowing.
But there is no wind, so we can't go sailing.
Beispiele im Resultat:
If I were in Hawaii, I would be lying on the beach.
But I am not in Hawaii.
If my grandfather were here, he would be talking about the war.
But he is not here.
I would be rafting down the Colorado River right now if my leg weren't broken.
But my leg is broken, so I am not there.
Vergangene irreale Konditional + Kontinuierlich
FORM
If-Klausel: [had been + present participle]
Resultat: [would have been + present participle]
GEBRAUCH
Vergangene irreale Konditional + Kontinuierlich wird verwendet, um imaginäre Situationen zu einem sehr spezifischen Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit oder über einen bestimmten Zeitraum in der Vergangenheit zu diskutieren.
Beispiele in der if-Klausel:
If I had been talking to him when he said that, I would have punched him in the face.
But I wasn't talking to him when he said that.
If he had been standing near the house when the wall collapsed, it would have killed him.
Luckily, he moved away before the wall fell.
Beispiele im Resultat:
If you had gone to his house last night, he would have been sitting on his couch in front of the TV.
But you didn't go to his house, so you didn't see what he was doing.
If she had missed her train, he would have been waiting for her at the station for hours.
Luckily, she caught her train and he didn't have to wait.
BEACHTEN Sie, dass die Vergangene irreale Konditional + Kontinuierlich wie die Past Continuous in imaginären Situationen verwendet werden kann, um Unterbrechungen oder parallele Handlungen in der Vergangenheit hervorzuheben.
Beispiele in der if-Klausel:
If James had been crossing the street when the car ran the red light, it would have hit him.
If Tom had been studying while Becky was making dinner, he would have finished his homework early and they could have gone to the movie.
Beispiele im Resultat:
If James hadn't stopped to tie his shoe, he would have been crossing the street when the car ran the red light.
If you had gone to their house last night, Bob would have been reading the newspaper, Nancy would have been talking on the phone and the kids would have been watching TV. They always do the same things.
BEACHTEN Sie, dass Vergangene irreale Konditional + Kontinuierlich auch wie Present Perfect Continuous oder Past Perfect Continuous in imaginären Situationen verwendet werden kann, um eine Dauer hervorzuheben.
Beispiele in der if-Klausel:
Scott said he had been studying Greek for more than five years. If he had been studying the language that long, I think he would have been able to interpret for us at the airport.
Sarah claimed she had been waiting in the rain for more than twenty minutes by the time we arrived, but she wasn't even wet. If she had been waiting that long, I think she would have been totally drenched by the time we arrived.
Beispiele im Resultat:
Terry's plane arrived ahead of schedule. If I hadn't decided to go to the airport early, she would have been waiting there for more than twenty minutes before I arrived.
At the travel agency yesterday, I waited for more than an hour for somebody to help me. Finally, I got up and left. If I hadn't decided to leave, I would have been sitting there forever.
Zukunfts-irreales Konditional + Kontinuierlich
FORM
If-Klausel: [were + present participle]
Resultat: [would be + present participle]
GEBRAUCH
Zukunfts-irreales Konditional + Kontinuierlich kann wie das Future Continuous in imaginären Situationen verwendet werden, um Unterbrechungen oder parallele Handlungen in der Zukunft hervorzuheben.
BEACHTEN Sie: Die Zukunftsform sieht gleich wie die Gegenwartsform aus. Die Zukunft wird mit Wörtern wie ‚tomorrow', ‚next week' oder ‚in a couple of days' angezeigt.
Beispiele in der if-Klausel:
If I were waiting there next week when he gets off the plane, he would be totally surprised.
But I will not be waiting there, so he won't be surprised.
If he were staying in that hotel next week while the conference is being held, he might be able to meet some of the key speakers and tell them about our new product.
I don't think he will be able to stay at the hotel, so he won't be able to meet anybody there.
Beispiele im Resultat:
If I were able to go to the train station tonight to meet Sandra, I would be standing on the platform waiting for her when she arrives.
I won't be able to go to the train station, so I will not be standing there when she arrives.
If you went over to Paul's house after work, he would probably be sitting there at his computer surfing the Internet.
But you won't go over.
Conditional Exercise 9
Kontinuierliche Konditionalformen
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen.
1. They canceled all the flights out of Chicago today because of the blizzard. If it (snow, not) so hard, I would not be stuck in the airport.
2. Charles arrived late again to work yesterday. He came running into the office complaining of car problems, but everyone knew it was a lie. If the boss (stand) there when he showed up, I am sure he would have been fired.
3. If I were in Hawaii right now, I (sunbathe) on a beach. I would not be stuck here in this office with mountains of paperwork.
4. John is so incredibly lazy! If we went over to his house right now, I bet he (lie) on the couch with some pizza in one hand and a remote control in the other.
5. If I were a millionaire, I (work, not) here in this factory. I (shop) in Paris, (ski) in Innsbruck or (sail) the Mediterranean on my super yacht.
6. I wish we had time to organize a surprise party for Linda. If all of her friends (sit) in her apartment waiting for her when she gets home from work tomorrow, she would be so surprised!
7. If she (stay) in that hotel next week while the trade show is being held, she might be able to meet some contacts and tell them about our new line of computer software.
8. When Mike came home yesterday, he claimed he had been jogging. I didn't believe a word he said. If he had really been jogging, he (sweat) or at least out of breath. I think he went down to the coffee shop and had a donut.
9. Jane's plane arrived a half an hour ahead of schedule. If we hadn't decided to go to the airport early, she (wait) there a long time before we arrived.
10. If Sam hadn't stopped to pick up that quarter, he (cross) the street when the car ran the red light. He could have been killed!
11. When I went up to the cash register to pay for the Coke, the lady behind the counter was talking to a friend of hers on the phone. I waited and waited until I finally had to demand that she help me. If I hadn't said anything, I (wait) there for hours.
12. I am looking out the window right now and I see children playing soccer and hide-and-go-seek in the street. If it were winter, it would be too cold to play outside. All the kids would be indoors. They (watch) TV, (read) books or (play) board games with their friends.
13. If Bob (stand, not) behind us right now, I would tell you what happened. Just wait until he leaves, and I'll tell you the whole story.
14. Did you hear about the bomb the terrorists planted on the plane yesterday? A bag full of plastic explosives was in the cargo bay. Luckily, nobody was hurt. The plane with the bomb was having some engine problems so the passengers had to disembark. If they hadn't had difficulties with the engine, the passengers (sit) in the plane when the bomb went off. Talk about a miracle!
15. If you went to the studio early tomorrow morning, you (wait) there when the actors arrive for work. I'm sure you could get ten or twenty autographs that way.
Gemischte Konditionale
Diejenigen von Ihnen, die dem Conditional Tutorial gefolgt sind, sollten jetzt mit gegenwärtigen, vergangenen und zukünftigen bedingten Verbformen vertraut sein. Manchmal sind irreale Konditionalsätze gemischt. Das bedeutet, dass die Zeit in der if-Klausel nicht gleich der Zeit im Resultat ist. Studieren Sie die folgenden Beispiele, um zu erfahren, wie Sie bedingte Verbformen wie ein Muttersprachler mischen können.
Verben in Grün sind im Gegenwarts-irrealen Konditional.
Verben in Rot sind im Vergangene-irrealen Konditional.
Verben in Lila sind im Zukunfts-irrealen Konditional.
Gemischte Konditionalmuster
VERGANGEN GEGENWART
Beispiele:
If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.
If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities.
But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.
If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here.
But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here.
VERGANGEN ZUKUNFT
Beispiele:
If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow.
But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't going to join us tomorrow.
If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai.
But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.
If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he would go to Mexico with us next month.
But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas and he won't go to Mexico with us next month.
GEGENWART VERGANGEN
Beispiele:
If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday.
But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday.
If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you.
But Sam doesn't speak Russian and that is why he didn't translate the letter.
If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night.
But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night.
GEGENWART ZUKUNFT
Beispiele:
If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week.
But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week.
If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign.
But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign.
If Dan weren't so nice, he wouldn't be tutoring you in math tonight.
But Dan is nice and he is going to tutor you tonight.
ZUKÜNFTIG VERGANGEN
Beispiele:
If I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new assignment at work.
But I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at work.
If my parents weren't coming this weekend, I would have planned a nice trip just for the two of us to Napa Valley.
But my parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa Valley.
If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
ZUKÜNFTIG GEGENWART
Beispiele:
If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.
But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.
If Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous.
But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she in not nervous.
If Seb didn't come with us to the desert, everyone would be very disappointed.
But Seb will come with us to the desert and that is why everyone is so happy.
Conditional Exercise 10
Gemischte Konditionale
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text nach dem angegebenen Beispiel mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen, dann klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche ‚Check', um Ihre Antworten zu überprüfen.
Oben im Formular
1.a. She will take care of the children for us next weekend because her business trip was canceled.
1.b. But, she (take, not) would not be taking care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (be, not) had not been canceled.
2.a. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday.
2.b. But, he (come) if you (insult) him.
3.a. Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married.
3.b. But, Marie (be) happy if she (give, not) up her career when she got married.
4.a. Dr. Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take six months off to spend more time with his family.
4.b. But, Dr. Mercer (accept) the research grant at Harvard if he (take, not) six months off to spend more time with his family.
5.a. Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on African tribal groups.
5.b. But, Professor Schmitz (talk, not) so much about the Maasai tribe if she (be, not) an expert on African tribal groups.
6.a. I am unemployed because I had a disagreement with my boss and I was fired.
6.b. But, I (be, not) unemployed if I (have, not) a disagreement with my boss and I (be, not) fired.
7.a. Nicole speaks Chinese fluently because she lived in China for ten years.
7.b. But, Nicole (speak, not) Chinese fluently if she (live, not) in China for ten years.
8.a. I will not help you study for your test because you have spent the last two weeks partying and wasting time.
8.b. But, I (help) you study for your test if you (spend, not) the last two weeks partying and wasting time.
9.a. Eleanor and Ben are not going skiing with us this year because Eleanor just had a baby.
9.b. But, Eleanor and Ben (go) skiing with us this year if Eleanor (have, not, just) a baby.
10.a. I am completely exhausted, so I will not go with you to the movies tonight.
10.b. But, if I (be, not) completely exhausted, I (go) with you to the movies tonight.
11.a. She is not worried about the conference tomorrow because she is not giving a speech.
11.b. But, she (be) worried about the conference tomorrow if she (give) a speech.
12.a. Frank is not going to the graduation ceremony because he broke his leg snowboarding last week.
12.b. But, Frank (go) to the graduation ceremony if he (break) his leg snowboarding last week.
13.a. They are not releasing the prisoner next month because there was so much public opposition to his parole.
13.b. But, they (release) the prisoner next month if there (be) so much opposition to his parole.
14.a. The hotels filled up months in advance because the festival is going to include jazz artists from around the globe.
14.b. But, the hotels (fill) up months in advance if the festival (include) jazz artists from around the globe.
15.a. We are not worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood because the police have started regularly patrolling the area.
15.b. But, we (be) worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood if the police (start, not) regularly patrolling the area.
Were To
‚Were to' in der Gegenwart
FORM
[If … were to + verb …, …]
GEBRAUCH
‚Were to' kann in der Gegenwart verwendet werden, um zu betonen, dass die Konditionalform äußerst unwahrscheinlich oder unvorstellbar schrecklich ist. Beachten Sie, dass diese spezielle Form nur in der if-Klausel verwendet wird.
Beispiele:
If she were to be rich, she would be horribly obnoxious.
It is very unlikely that she would be rich.
If I were to have no friends, who would I spend my time with?
Having no friends is a horrible thought.
If Nathan were to be my boss, this job would be intolerable.
Nathan's being my boss is a horrible concept.
‚Were to' in der Zukunft
FORM
[If … were to + verb …, …]
GEBRAUCH
‚Were to' kann in der Zukunft verwendet werden, um zu betonen, dass die Konditionalform äußerst unwahrscheinlich oder unvorstellbar schrecklich ist. Beachten Sie, dass diese spezielle Form nur in der if-Klausel verwendet wird.
Beispiele:
If I were to lose my job next year, I would probably not find a new one quickly.
Loosing my job would be terrible.
If he were to fail his driving test tomorrow, he would have to take it again.
He is not likely to fail his driving test.
If Sarah were to show up late to the birthday party, it would ruin the surprise.
Sarah will surely come on time.
‚Were to' in der Vergangenheit
FORM
[If … were to have + past participle …, …]
GEBRAUCH
‚Were to' kann in der Vergangenheit verwendet werden, um zu betonen, dass die Konditionalform äußerst unwahrscheinlich oder unvorstellbar schrecklich ist. Beachten Sie, dass diese spezielle Form nur in der if-Klausel verwendet wird.
Beispiele:
If the fire were to have destroyed the building, it would have been a tragic cultural loss.
The thought of such a loss is too horrible to consider.
If the dam were to have burst, the entire town would have been destroyed.
Such destruction is too horrible to consider.
If Sarah were to have failed the final test, she would have lost her scholarship.
She is an excellent student, and it is very unlikely that she would have failed the test.
Conditional Exercise 11
‚Were to' in Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen, dann klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche ‚Check', um Ihre Antworten zu überprüfen.
Oben im Formular
1. She loves her husband. If she (get) a divorce, it would devastate her.
2. If they (tear) down that old opera house, we would not have any historical architecture left in the city.
3. If the hurricane (hit) Miami, thousands of people might have lost their lives.
4. I can't stand him. If he (be) hired, I would quit.
5. I have no fire insurance. If my house (burn) down, I would have no way to buy new furniture.
6. If he (be) found guilty, he would have gone to jail for 30 years.
7. If the airlines (cancel) the flight, I would never make it to the family reunion on time.
8. He was not wearing a motorcycle helmet. If he (crash) into that car, he would have been killed.
9. If the government (increase) income tax, I would not be able to survive.
10. If I (lose) my job, I would use the Internet to find a new one.
Conditional Abschlusstest
Alle Konditionalformen
Verwenden Sie die Wörter in Klammern, um den folgenden Text mit der angemessenen Konditionalform zu vervollständigen, dann klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche ‚Check', um Ihre Antworten zu überprüfen.
Oben im Formular
1. (If / When) I leave work, I usually go to the fitness center to work out.
2. She hates TV. She thinks television is a waste of time. (If / When) she watches any television at all, it is usually a documentary or a news program.
3. My friend always keeps in touch by mail. (If / When) I get a letter, I usually write back immediately.
4. If I (have) enough money, I (go) on safari to Kenya. However, my bank account is empty!
5. I love to travel! When I (have) enough money, I (go) abroad. I do it almost every year.
6. I really wanted to go on safari to Kenya with my friends, but I couldn't afford to go. If I (have) enough money, I (go) with them.
7. I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I (know), I (make) you a vanilla birthday cake.
8. Stop asking me what Amanda bought you for Christmas. Even if I (know) what she bought you, I (tell, not) you.
9. Nobody here speaks English. Too bad Gloria isn't here. If she (be) with us, she (can) act as our interpreter.
10. I am afraid I won't be able to come to your wedding next week because my company is sending me to New York to attend a trade show. I (miss, never) your wedding if I (have) a choice in the matter.
11. If the weather is nice tomorrow, she (walk) along the river to school.
12. If you help me move tomorrow, I (treat) you to a dinner and a movie.
13. If you were to help me move tomorrow, I (treat) you to a dinner and a movie.
14. If I were in Tahiti right now, I (snorkel) along a beautiful reef. I wouldn't be stuck here in this office with mountains of paperwork.
15. If Jerry hadn't stopped to pick up that quarter, he (cross) the street when the bus ran the red light. He might have been killed!
16. Tina's train arrived ahead of schedule. If I hadn't decided to go to the train station early, she (wait) there for more than twenty minutes before I arrived.
17. If I (pass) the test, I (get) an ‚A' in the class. Instead, I got a ‚C.' I really should have studied more.
18. If I (be) rich, I (buy) that new Mercedes we saw yesterday. Unfortunately, I can't even afford a used car.
19. We (go) skiing this weekend, but there's no snow. Oh, well! We will just have to find something else to do instead.
20. If Heather spoke Chinese, she (translate) the email for you yesterday.